X-ray apparatus, Mo, complete
Fully-featured, microprocessor-controlled apparatus with molybdenum X-ray tube and goniometer designed for conducting a wide variety of experiments in X-ray physics. The high-voltage system, X-ray tube and experiment chamber are all contained within a radiation-proof housing. Designed as a school X-ray apparatus and fully protected equipment. The type approval is also valid for additional X-ray tubes (Fe, Cu, Ag, W, Au). The X-ray tubes are supplied already fully adjusted so that they can be easily interchanged. Utmost safety and operational comfort is ensured by automatic door locking, which unlocks the doors automatically, when no x-ray radiation is being generated.
Two large displays show all relevant information concerning the current experiment. The tube voltage and tube current can be set within the ranges 0 to 35 kV and 0 to 1 mA respectively. The built-in rate meter including enables direct measurement in conjunction with a Geiger-Müller counter tube. The X-ray apparatus can also be connected to a PC via the USB port (software included) for recording Bragg spectra. Alternatively, the two analogue outputs (counting rate and angular position) permit data acquisition using a chart recorder.
The goniometer (554 831) enables precise setting of any angular position of the sensor and the target as well as coupled 2:1 sensor and target motion, both manual and automatic angular scans are possible.
Two screened coaxial lead-ins and one free access duct provide access to the experiment chamber, e.g. for connecting an x-ray energy detector.
Device fully assembled and adjusted, ready for operation.

Download experimental sheets:

​P6.3.3.1 Bragg reflection: diffraction of X-rays at a monocrystal
P6.3.3.2 Investigating the energy spectrum of an X-ray tube as a function of the high voltage and the emission current
P6.3.3.3 Duane-Hunt relation and determination of Planck's constant
P6.3.3.5 Edge absorption: filtering X-rays
P6.3.3.6 Moseley's law and determination of the Rydberg constant
​Virtual Experiment - Physics:- Extension to the experiment „Diffraction of X-rays at a monocrystal“ (P6.3.3.1)
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The virtual experiment on Bragg reflection supplements the demonstration experiment P6.3.3.1 diffraction of X-rays at a monocrystal.
The Virtual Experiment...
  • links the video of an experiment with the measurement: at any time, the video of a real experiment and the associated measurements can be paused, rewound or restarted.
  • is an interactive experiment guide: the measured values are synchronously imported into tables and diagrams with the experiment video and are available for evaluation. Measurements entered by hand are automatically transferred to diagrams.
  • enables students to evaluate and record the demonstration experiment at school or at home on the student device.
  • contains a student part: interactive worksheet with tables, diagrams and evaluations, filling in the answer fields on the tablet/smartphone/laptop, saving and sharing the measured values and student answers.
  • contains a teacher part: comprehensive information on preparation and use of the experiment and sample results for the student part.
  • can be edited and thus adapted to your own teaching.​